30% (15 out of 50 correct)

The questions marked with symbol have not been graded.

1.

All of these are non-specific defense mechanisms except? A. flow of saliva B. phagocytosis C. neutralization of an antigen by an antibody D. gastric juice acidity

2.

The lymphokine interleukin - 2 A. is toxic only to the target cells B. promotes phagocytic activity C. attracts leukocytes chemically D. stimulates T-cell proliferation

3.

Lymphocytes that destroy cancerous cells in a non-specific fashion are called A. carcinolytic cells B. natural killer cells C. cytotoxic T cells D. macrophages

4.

Which of the following does NOT function to increase vasodilation and permeability of blood vessels? A. defensins B. histamine C. prostaglandins D. kinins

5.

A tissue transplant in which one's own tissue is grafted to another part of the body is called A. an autograft B. an isograft C. an allograft D. a xenograft

6.

Which of the following is a specific body defense mechanism? A. phagocytosis B. inflammation C. immunity D. fever

7.

The most abundant type of immunoglobin is A. IgA B. IgD C. IgE D. IgG

8.

Interferon is produced in response to the presence of A. viruses B. specific bacterial cells C. chemical irritants D. lymphocytes

9.

The most active phagocytic cells in circulating blood are A. monocytes and macrophages B. macrophages and neutrophils C. neutrophils and monocytes D. monocytes and lymphocytes

10.

After recovering from certain diseases, one may have developed _____ immunity to the diseases. A. naturally acquired active B. artificially acquired active C. naturally acquired passive D. artificially acquired passive

11.

The antibodies involved in allergic reactions are A. called allergens B. secreted by mast cells C. in the IgE class D. produced only after immunization

12.

Normal immune responses require the presence of A. B lymphocytes B. T lymphocytes C. both T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes D. NK cells

13.

An immunoglobulin is A. an antigen B. an antibody C. a nucleoprotein D. found in platelets

14.

The tissue of which organ is called pulp? A. thymus B. spleen C. lymph nodes D. tonsils

15.

Which of the following cell types is derived from monocytes? A. neutrophil B. wandering macrophage C. mast cell D. histiocyte

16.

Natural killer cells are A. monocytes B. macrophages C. lymphocytes D. neutrophils

17.

A hapten is an antigen that has A. immunogenicity but not reactivity B. reactivity but not immunogenicity C. both immunogenicity and reactivity D. neither immunogenicity nor reactivity

18.

The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n) A. artery B. arteriole C. vein D. capillary

19.

The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are the A. thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct B. thoracic duct and left lymphatic duct C. subclavian duct and bronchomediastinal duct D. cisterna chyli and thoracic duct

20.

Lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph primarily from the A. scalp and face B. arm and mammary gland C. thoracic viscera D. abdominal viscera

21.

The thoracic duct A. empties into the right subclavian vein B. drains the right side of the head and neck C. is the shorter of the two collecting ducts D. drains lymph from most of the body

22.

Afferent lymph vessels A. carry lymph toward lymph nodes B. carry lymph toward the thoracic duct C. enter a lymph node at the hilum D. combine to form lacteals

23.

The functions of the lymphatic system include A. draining excess interstitial fluid B. transporting dietary lipids C. carrying out immune responses D. all of these

24.

Lymphatic vessels are lined with A. ciliated columnar epithelium B. pseudostratified ciliated epithelium C. endothelium D. white fibrous connective tissue

25.

Emigration refers to the A. release of lymphokines B. lysis of cell walls by lymphotoxins C. movement of cells in response to chemicals D. movement of cells from the circulatory system into infected areas

26.

Interleukin - 1 A. is toxic only to the target cells B. promotes phagocytic activity C. initiates chemotaxis D. is secreted by monocytes and macrophages

27.

B lymphocytes A. migrate from the thymus to other lymphatic organs B. are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity C. secrete lymphokines D. are phagocytic

28.

Complement A. is produced by eosinophils and neutrophils B. is chemotactic and attracts phagocytic cells C. contains enzymes which reduce the inflammatory response D. lyses B-cells, thus releasing antibodies

29.

Medullary sinuses of lymph nodes A. are filled with lymph B. contain germinal centers C. filter blood D. are strands of lymphocytes

30.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enters cells that display the _____ molecule on their surface A. CD8 B. MHC 1 C. CD4 D. MHC 2

31.

Lack of reactivity of T cells and B cells to fragments of your own proteins is known as A. self-tolerance B. self-recognition C. positive selection D. negative selection

32.

Lymph from the cisterna chyli empties into the A. liver B. thoracic duct C. left brachiocephalic vein D. heart

33.

The largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the adult human body is the A. liver B. spleen C. thymus D. pancreas

34.

The proper sequence of phases in the process of phagocytosis is A. adherence, ingestion, chemotaxis B. adherence, chemotaxis, ingestion C. chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion D. chemotaxis, ingestion, adherence

35.

After phagocytosis, which intracellular chemicals kill microbe by a process called an oxidative burst? A. lethal oxidants B. lysozyme C. defensins D. complement

36.

The first stage of inflammation is A. tissue repair B. vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels C. phagocyte migration and cytolysis by complement D. activation of cell mediated immunity

37.

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens A. are a large group of bacterial related antigens that cause many diseases B. are located only on viruses, not bacteria C. are difficult to produce antibodies against because they are constantly mutating D. mark the surfaces of all your body cells except your red blood cells

38.

Antigen presenting cells (APCs) include A. macrophages B. killer T cells C. neutrophils D. plasma cells

39.

When stimulated, T cells that display the CD8 molecule develop into A. plasma cells B. cytotoxic (killer) T cells C. memory cells D. helper T cells

40.

Cytotoxic T cells kill target cells directly by secreting A. cytokines B. antibodies C. lysozyme D. perforin and lymphotoxin

41.

The _______ defenses are present at birth. YOUR ANSWER: The suggested answer is innate

42.

Lipids are carried by specialized lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine called _______. YOUR ANSWER: The suggested answer is lacteals

43.

The accumulation of lymph which produces subcutaneous tissue swelling is called _______. YOUR ANSWER: The suggested answer is lymphedema

44.

Cancers of the lymphatic organs are called _______. YOUR ANSWER: The suggested answer is lymphomas

45.

Antigens that induce an allergic reaction are called _______. YOUR ANSWER: The suggested answer is allergens

46.

The spread of a disease from one part of the body to another is called _______. YOUR ANSWER: The suggested answer is metastasis

47.

The tonsils are composed of aggregations of _______. YOUR ANSWER: The suggested answer is lymphatic nodules.

48.

The skin and _______ are the first line of defense against pathogens. YOUR ANSWER: The suggested answer is mucous membranes

49.

The four characteristic signs of inflammation are redness, pain, heat, and _______. YOUR ANSWER: The suggested answer is swelling

50.

The liquid product of inflammation containing leukocytes or their remains and debris of dead cells is called _______. YOUR ANSWER: The suggested answer is pus

51.

Pathogens are disease-producing microbes. A. True B. False

52.

The epidermis and cartilage do not have lymphatic capillaries. A. True B. False

53.

The skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump assist the flow of lymph toward the heart. A. True B. False

54.

Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatic fever are all autoimmune diseases. A. True B. False

55.

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue includes the spleen and thymus. A. True B. False

56.

Gastric juice is part of the second line of defense against pathogens. A. True B. False

57.

NK cells release perforins that destroy microbes by making their plasma membranes leak. A. True B. False

58.

Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening emergency. A. True B. False

59.

An abscess is an open sore produced when inflamed tissue sloughs off the surface of an organ or tissue. A. True B. False

60.

Nonspecific defenses have specificity and memory. A. True B. False

Retake Test